Büyükanne ve büyükbabalarda torun bakmanın depresyon ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi

Başlangıç seviyesi projesiAmaç: Bu araştırma “Büyükanne ve büyükbabalarda torun bakmanın depresyon ve yasam kalitesine etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Materiyal ve Metod: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel niteliktedir. Denizli il merkezinde 60 yas üzeri torun bakan ve bakmayan büyükanne ve büyük babalar araştırmanın evrenini oluşturmuştur. Toplum sağlığı merkezlerinden rastlantısal olarak birer aile sağlığı merkezi seçilmiş ve her birinden ikişer aile hekimliği bölgesi randomizasyon örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Örnekleme çıkan her bir aile hekimliği bölgesinde kayıtlı olan 60 yas üzeri yaslı nüfus, toplam nüfusa orantılanmış ve bölgelerden kaçar yaslının örnekleme alınacağı belirlenmiştir. Evreni bilinen örneklem formülüne göre araştırmaya alınacak örneklem sayısı 920 olarak bulunmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak; Birinci bölümde “Büyükanne, büyükbaba ve toruna yönelik tanıtıcı bilgi formu” “, İkinci bölümde Büyükanne ve babaların depresyon düzeylerini ölçebilmek için “Geriatrik Depresyon Ölçeği, Üçüncü bölümde ise, Büyük anne ve babaların yasam kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Yasam kalitesi Ölçeği (WHOQOL –OLD ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce benzer örneklemde ön uygulama yapılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, SPSS 11.0 programı kullanılmış ve veriler sayı yüzde dağılımları, Independent t testi, varyans analizi, ki kare ve korelasyon analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Arastırmaya katılan büyük anne ve büyükbabaların yas ortalaması 62.20±7.71dir. Büyükanne ve büyükbabaların %59.6’sını bayanlar, %42.2’si ilkokul mezunu, %91.9’u gelir getiren herhangi bir iste çalısmıyor, %46.2’sinin aylık geliri 500-999TL arasındadır. Büyükanne ve büyükbabaların %49.6’sı torun baktığını, %50.4’ü torun bakmadığını belirtmiştir. %40.3’ü torun bakmanın ekonomik yük getirmediğini, %47.4’ü bundan kazanç elde etmediğini, %17.5’i torun bakmanın kendisini daha mutlu hissettirdiğini, %11.0’ı ise torun bakmanın aşırı yorgunluğa neden olduğunu belirtmiştir. Büyükanne ve büyükbabaların yasam kalitesi değerlendirildiğinde, yasam kalitesi ölçeğinin duygusal işlevler ile ölüm ve ölmek alt boyutlarında torun bakan ve bakmayanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu saptanmıştır ( p<0.05). Torun bakanların %23.6’sında depresyon riski görülürken, %76.4’ünde depresyon riski yoktur. Torun bakmayanların %33.4’ünde depresyon riski görülürken, %66.6’sında depresyon riski yoktur. Algılanan sağlık durumu ile depresyon görülme riski ve yasam kalitesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Sonuç olarak, torun bakan büyükanne ve babalarda bakmayanlara göre depresyon görülme riskinin daha az olduğu, yine torun bakmanın yasam kalitesi ölçeğinin duygusal işlevler ile ölüm ve ölmek alt boyutlarında etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Subjektif sağlık algısı hem depresyon görülme riskinde hem de yaşam kalitesinde etkili bulunmuştur. Projenin bulguları ülkemizde bir ilki oluşturmuştur. Bu yüzden bu arastırmanın farklı örneklemlerde yapılması önerilmektedir.Purpose: This study was planned and carried out in order to observe the effect of grandmother and grandfather’s looking after grandchildren on depression and life quality. Material and Method: The study is descriptive and cross-sectional. The universe of the study was composed of grandmothers and grandfather over the age of 60 years and who look and do not look after grandchildren in Denizli. One family health center was chosen randomly from public health centers and two family practice areas per each center were detected with randomization sampling method. Population over the age of 60 years registered in each family practice area for sampling was proportioned to total population and how many elder people was to be taken for sampling was determined. Sampling to be included in the study according sampling formula was determined to be 920. As data collection tool; In the first section “Identifying Information Form for the grandmothers, grandfathers and grandchild; in the second section “Geriatric Depression Scale” in order to measure grandmothers and grandfathers’ depression level, in the third section World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL – OLD) in order to determine life quality of grandmothers and grandfathers were used. For the evaluation of data; SPSS 11.0 program was used and data were evaluated with percentage distribution, Independent t test, variance analysis, chi square and correlation analysis. Findings: Average of age of grandmothers and grandfathers who are involved in the study is 62.20±7.71. 59.6% of the grandparents are female, 42.2% of them are graduate of primary education, 91.9% of them do not work in a job that brings an income, monthly income of 46.2% of them is between 500-900 TL. It was detected that 49.6% of the grandparents look after grandchildren and 50.4% do not. 40.3% of grandparents expressed that looking after grandchildren do not bring any economic burden to them, 47.4% expressed that they do not gain profit from it, 17.5% expressed that they feel themselves happy for looking after their grandchildren, 11.0% expressed that looking after children brought overfatigue. When life quality of grandparents were considered, it was detected that there was a statistically meaningful difference in the lower dimensions of emotional functions and death and dying of life quality scale between grandparents who look and do not after grandchildren ( p<0.05). There is a risk of depression in 23.6% of grandparents who do not look after grandchildren while there was no risk of depression in 66.6% of them. It was detected that there was a statistically meaningful relation between health condition and risk of depression and life quality. Results and Suggestions: As a result, it was detected that the risk of depression is lower in grandparents who look after grandchildren compared with those who do not look after grandchildren and that looking after grandchildren is effective in the lower dimensions of emotional functions and death and dying of life quality scale. Subjective health perception was found to be effective in both the risk of depression and life quality. Findings of the project were a first in our country. Therefore the study was suggested to be carried out in different samplings as well

Adolescent pregnancy in West Turkey. Cross sectional survey of married adolescents

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine both the fertility characteristics of married adolescent women in Denizli province center and the adolescent pregnancy rate and also some factors that could occur with adolescent pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Denizli province center in the year 2001. According to the Turkish Demographic Health Survey 1998 statistics, the percentage of married adolescents between 15-19 years of age who have begun to give birth is 9.3-10.2%. The sample size of 3471 was determined using EPI INFO software. To reach this sample size, 5 of the 25 health clinics in Denizli province center were chosen by simple random sampling method. Results: Approximately 6.4% of the adolescents were married, 4.9% had been pregnant as an adolescent, 4.8% had delivered a baby, 23.3% of the married adolescents had never been pregnant, 23.3% were pregnant with their first child, and 51.2% were mothers; 76.7% had been pregnant one or more times. The majority of the married adolescent women in the research group (57.2%) do not use any method of family planning, followed by 15.7% who use an intrauterine device. Age, lower degree of education (less than 8 years) and unemployment were identified as risk factors for adolescent pregnancy. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that although the frequency of adolescent pregnancy in the region is lower than the mean value in Turkey, it is higher compared with other countries. Age, education <8 years and unemployment are risk factors for adolescent pregnancy

Factors affecting onset of puberty in Denizli province in Turkey

The relationship between the possible factors affecting pubertal onset and pubertal timing was investigated in the Denizli province in Turkey. A total number of 3311 subjects (1562 girls, 1749 boys) aged 6-16.5 years participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Pubertal stages were assessed according to methods of Marshall and Tanner. Testicular volume was determined using Prader orchidometer. Menarcheal age was recorded. All parents and students completed different questionnaires on demographic variables affecting pubertal timing such as socioeconomic conditions, psychosocial factors, exercise, nutritional status, chronic diseases, migration and birth weight. Using distribution percentiles of pubertal stages according to age, the relation between pubertal timing and factors affecting puberty was investigated. There was no significant association between exercise, birth weight, migration, chronic disease, and socioeconomic status and age of puberty onset. Menarcheal age of overweight and obese girls was significantly lower than that of girls with normal weight. In-family stress was the cause of early puberty in girls and of delayed puberty in boys

Adaptation of the Turkish version of Nurses' Self Concept Questionnaire

Objectives: Nurse's self-concept is significant for professionalism. We aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of a Nurses' Self Concept Questionnaire. Methods: A methodological study was conducted with the participation of a group of nursing students and nurses. For the statistical analysis, structural equation models, convergent validity analyses, discriminate validity analyses, internal consistency analysis, and test-retest reliability analyses were used. Results: Correlation-coefficient for the test–retest reliability of the Turkish version of Nurses' Self-Concept Questionnaire was 0.87. The internal consistency of this questionnaire was calculated with Cronbach's α coefficient and it was found high across the six subscales from 0.83 to 0.91. The goodness of fit indices was determined as acceptable. Conclusions: According to results, this Nurses' Self-Concept Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing nurses' and nursing students’ self-concept in Turkey. Keywords: Nurses, Self-concept questionnaire, Reliability, Self-esteem, Students, Nursing, Turkey, Validit

Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Kullanımında Ayrımcılık

While inequality in the use of health services has been intensified, the issue of discrimination has not received the attention it deserves. Studies have been limited in the framework of racism. At Ata Soyer Fall School, which was organized with the theme of Discrimination in Health, the issue of discrimination in the use of health services was discussed using the “group work” training technique. This Article was prepared to share the conceptual framework and process of education and the results of group work. Before the group work, the conceptual framework of discrimination was presented as a key presentation. in this presentation, the behavioural model and access model in healthcare use are introduced, the categories of discrimination in healthcare use are defined, and their relationship with the mechanisms that produce them is conceptualized. in the group study, a concept map was created by defining the relationship between the use of health services and discrimination by using this theoretical frameworkSağlık hizmetleri kullanımında eşitsizlik üzerinde yoğun bir şekilde durulurken, ayrımcılık konusu hakkettiği ilgiyi bulamamıştır. Yürütülen çalışmalar ırkçılık çerçevesinde sınırlı kalmıştır. Sağlıkta Ayrımcılık teması ile gerçekleştirilen Ata Soyer Güz Okulu’nda sağlık hizmetleri kullanımında ayrımcılık konusu “grup çalışması” eğitim tekniği kullanılarak tartışılmıştır. Bu yazı eğitimin kavramsal çerçevesi ve süreci ile grup çalışması sonuçlarını paylaşmak amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Grup çalışmasından önce, ayrımcılık ile ilgili kavramsal çerçeve anahtar sunum olarak aktarılmıştır. Bu sunumda sağlık hizmeti kullanımında davranışcı model ve erişim modeli tanıtılmış, sağlık hizmet kullanımında ayrımcılık kategorileri tanımlanarak, bunları üreten makanizmalarlarla ilişkisi kavramsallaştırılmıştır. Grup çalışmasında ise bu teorik çerçeveden yararlanılarak, sağlık hizmetlerinin kullanımı ile ayrımcılık arasındaki ilişkiyi tanımlayan bir kavram haritası oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada, eşitsizlik teması içinde değerlendirilen ayrımcılık konusu, kendi sistematiğinde ele alınarak tartışılmıştı

Reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of cyberchondria severity scale

The exacerbation of health anxiety as the result of repeated online searches for medical information has been termed cyberchondria. Cyberchondria may lead to increased use of health services and increased healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of Turkish form of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS). This study was conducted on 335 employees who work in Pamukkale University. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used for concurrent validity. After language adaptation and content validity of the CSS, confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) was performed. The mean age of participants was 38.2 ± 8.5 years and 64.5% of them were male. Cronbach alpha coefficient of CSS calculated for the reliability was 0.89, while the subscales ranged from 0.65 to 0.85. The correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability were ranged from 0.53–0.71. Correlation of CSS with DASS was r = 0.33. Fit indices based on CFA results were all excellent or within acceptable ranges. The Turkish version of CSS has adequate psychometric properties of validity and reliability, and can be used to assess cyberchondria. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Determinants of adolescent pregnancy in an urban area in Turkey: A population-based case-control study

The aim of this study was to determine the degree to which socioeconomic status is a risk factor for first birth at age 19 or younger in married women in an urban area of Turkey. The research was a population-based case-control study. The study group comprised all married and pregnant women aged 15-19 (adolescent pregnancies) attending primary care centres (144 subjects). Married women between 20 and 29 years of age, experiencing their first pregnancy (adult pregnancies), were determined as the control group (144 subjects). A questionnaire was completed for each subject during face-to-face interviews. Adolescent pregnancy was more frequent in women from families with a low socioeconomic status, as determined by occupation (class) and income; both were associated with adolescent pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified seven factors associated with adolescent pregnancy: exposure to violence within the family prior to marriage; families partially opposed or unopposed to adolescent marriage; secondary school or lower education level; lack of social security; living in houses in which the number of persons per room was over 1; unemployed women; and having sisters with a history of adolescent pregnancy. © 2006 Cambridge University Press